There are four valves in the heart (Aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonary). If valve function is compromised significantly, this can result in symptoms including breathlessness, heart failure, chest pain or syncope. Most commonly this is age related degeneration, on occasion this can be due congenital abnormalities.
Heart valve disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and Echocardiography. On occasion, if there is concern with regards to the diagnosis or if further information is required Professor Ruparelia may also suggest a Cardiac CT or Cardiac MRI.
Mild or moderate disease often does not require treatment other than ongoing surveillance.
If valve disease is determined to be severe and associated with symptoms, treatment includes heart valve replacement with cardiac surgery or transcatheter therapies that include TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) or MitraClip.
Professor Ruparelia shall explain each of the options, rationale for treatment and risks and benefits.
Professor Neil Ruparelia 2024